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The Governor Malcolm Wilson Tappan Zee Bridge, usually referred to as the Tappan Zee Bridge, is a cantilever bridge in the U.S. state of New York, crossing the Hudson River at one of its widest points; the Tappan Zee is named for an American Indian tribe from the area called "Tappan"; and ''zee'' being the Dutch word for "sea". As an integral conduit within the New York Metropolitan Area, it connects South Nyack in Rockland County with Tarrytown in Westchester County in the Lower Hudson Valley. Federal and state authorities are currently constructing a Tappan Zee replacement bridge that will cost at least $4 billion. There is a toll booth that costs $5 on the eastbound lane. It is the longest bridge in the State of New York.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.nyacknewsandviews.com/2012/03/tzb_1955newsreel/ )〕 The total length of the bridge and approaches is . The cantilever span is providing a maximum clearance of over the water. The bridge is about north of Midtown Manhattan, the skyline of which can be seen from the bridge on a clear day. The bridge is part of the New York State Thruway mainline and carries the highway concurrency of Interstate 87 and Interstate 287. The span carries seven lanes of motor traffic. The center lane can be switched between eastbound and westbound traffic depending on the prevalent commuter direction; on weekdays, the center lane is eastbound in the morning and westbound in the evening. The switch is accomplished via a movable center barrier which is moved by a pair of barrier transfer machines. Even with the switchable lane, traffic is frequently very slow. The bridge is one of the primary crossings of the Hudson River north of New York City; it carries much of the traffic between southern New England and points west of the Hudson. In 2015, Rutgers University Press published the award-winning book ''Politics Across the Hudson: The Tappan Zee Megaproject'' by Philip Mark Plotch which describes the planning and politics behind the building of the bridge and New York's dysfunctional effort between 1980 and 2012 to replace it.〔http://rutgerspress.rutgers.edu/product/978-0-8135-7252-9-Politics-Across-the-Hudson,5456.aspx?skuid=3682〕〔http://www.PoliticsAcrossTheHudson.com〕 , each eastbound passenger car pays a toll of $5.00 cash, or $4.75 via E-ZPass ($3.00 if on the Commuter Plan, which charges a minimum of $60 a month, requiring a minimum of 13 crossings to attain an average cost below the normal E-Z pass rate).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=E-ZPass Commuter Plan )〕 Westbound crossings are toll-free.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Tappan Zee Bridge )〕 == History == With the increasing demands for commuter travel taxing the existing bridges and tunnels, the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey had plans in 1950 to construct a bridge across the Hudson near Dobbs Ferry, New York. The proposal was overridden by New York State Governor Thomas E. Dewey, who wanted to construct a bridge to connect the New York State Thruway across Westchester to the New England Thruway. The Port Authority promised its bondholders that it would not allow any other entity to construct a river crossing within its jurisdiction, which reached to a point one mile (1.6 km) south of Nyack on the western shore of the Hudson River and across to Tarrytown on the eastern shore. The bridge was built on a very tight budget of $81 million (1950 dollars), or $796 million in 2014. A May 10, 1950, editorial in ''The New York Times'' suggested that a site in southern Dobbs Ferry or northern Hastings-on-Hudson, where the Hudson narrowed considerably from its three-mile (5 km) width at Tappan Zee, would be a more appropriate site, and suggested that Governor Dewey work with his counterpart, Governor of New Jersey Alfred E. Driscoll, to craft a compromise that would offer Thruway customers a discounted bridge fare at a more southerly crossing. Two days later, Governor Dewey announced that the Port Authority had dropped its plans to construct a bridge of its own. The location would be close to the Tarrytown-Nyack line just outside the Port Authority's jurisdiction. Dewey stated that World War II military technology would be used in the bridge's construction. The site of the bridge, at the Hudson River's second-widest point, added to construction costs. The site was chosen to be as close as possible to New York City, while staying out of the range of the Port Authority's influence, thus ensuring that revenue from collected tolls would go to the newly created New York State Thruway Authority, and not the Port Authority. A unique aspect about the design of the bridge is that the main span is supported by eight hollow concrete caissons. Their buoyancy supports some of the loads and helped to reduce costs. The bridge was designed by Emil Praeger of the Madigan-Hyland engineering firm. Captain Praeger had helped develop floating caissons during World War II when the Allied forces needed to create and protect portable harbors for the 1944 invasion of Normandy.〔Plotch, Philip Mark. (Politics Across the Hudson: The Tappan Zee Megaproject ). Rutgers University Press, New Jersey (2015). p. 13〕 Construction started in March 1952 and the bridge opened for traffic on December 15, 1955, along with a long section of the New York State Thruway from Suffern to Yonkers. New York State Governor W. Averell Harriman signed a bill on February 28, 1956, to name the structure officially the Tappan Zee Bridge. In 1994, the name of Malcolm Wilson was added to the bridge's name upon the 20th anniversary of his leaving the governor's office in December 1974, though it is almost never used when the bridge is spoken about colloquially. The bridge is expected to be decommissioned in 2016.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://newyork.cbslocal.com/2013/02/05/old-tappan-zee-bridge-to-be-decommissioned-in-2016/?utm_source=dlvr.it&utm_medium=twitter )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Tappan Zee Bridge」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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